Arribas, personal observation).Īnancus appears in Africa near the end of the Miocene, coincident with the first appearance of elephants on that continent. However, this cannot be verified due to the taphonomic reworking of the Anancus fossil tooth fragments (A. In the Guadix Basin, Anancus was previously cited for Huélago-1 (MNQ 17 Alonso et al., 2002), where it may have coexisted with Mammuthus. The most important is the site of Las Higueruelas (Ciudad Real, MNQ 16 Mazo et al., 1980), where abundant fossil remains of this species have been recovered. arvernensis have been recovered from many sites (see Mazo and van der Made, 2012) between zones MNQ 12 (Concud, Teruel Alcalá, 1994) and MNQ 16-17 (Villarroya, La Rioja Villalta, 1952). The environment of the time seemed to have been optimal for this new lineage, for which chronological variation across Eurasia has been described (Lister et al., 2005). Anancus eventually become extinct, while Mammuthus meridionalis expanded with great success across the continent. and for the moment no Iberian site has yet provided any evidence of coexistence between Anancus and Mammuthus. Mammuthus Brookes, 1828 appeared in Western Europe around 3 m.y.a. For example, they are associated with Mammut borsoni (Hays, 1834) in Perrier-Etouaires and Vialette (MNQ 16a), and with Mammuthus meridionalis (Nesti, 1825) in Saint Vallier (MNQ 17a Viret, 1954 Guérin, 2004), Costa San Giacomo (MNQ 17b Palombo and Valli, 2003) and Chilhac (MNQ 17b Boeuf, 1992). In certain European Villafranchian deposits, Anancus fossils are found along with other species of Proboscidea. arvernensis was fairly common in European ecosystems during Pliocene.
The type species is Anancus arvernensis (Croizet and Jobert, 1828), the only one presently accepted to have lived in the west of the European continent. They probably derived from Tetralophodon Falconer, 1857, displacing it during the late Miocene to become distributed throughout the Old World until the early Pleistocene (ca. content/2014/639-last-iberian-mastodonĪnancine gomphotheres ( Anancus Aymard ) originated in Eurasia. from the earliest Pleistocene of the Guadix Basin (Granada, Spain). The last Iberian gomphothere (Mammalia, Proboscidea): Anancus arvernensis mencalensis nov. KEYWORDS: Proboscidea Anancus new chronosubspecies Early Pleistocene Guadix Basin Iberian Peninsulaįinal citation: Garrido, Guiomar and Arribas, Alfonso. Estación Paleontológica Valle del Río Fardes, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain Estación Paleontológica Valle del Río Fardes, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, SpainĪlfonso Arribas. These anatomical changes could have occurred as a response to the aridification that began around 2.5 Ma, which led to changes in the composition of plant communities. arvernensis mencalensis therefore forms part of a temporal cline in the configuration of M3 over the Plio-Pleistocene transition. This would be the youngest representative of the genus Anancus known for the Iberian Peninsula (MNQ 17a), and represents an intermediate evolutionary stage between Anancus arvernensis arvernensis and Anancus arvernensis chilhiacensis, the last known representative of the European lineage. This mosaic of features allows a new chronosubspecies to be proposed: Anancus arvernensis mencalensis nov. The derived features-tooth-valleys covered by cement and the small overall size of the tooth-are typical of the last representatives of the lineage. The primitive features include the hexalophodont condition, a massive, rectangular distal outline, inconspicuous enamel folding, and indiscernible anancoidy.
Molar de mastodonte plus#
This fossil is attributed to a new chronosubspecies based on the combination of anatomical features shown by M3: a primitive anatomical pattern plus derived features. 2.5-2.4 Ma) at the Fonelas SCC-3 site (Cuenca de Guadix, Granada, Spain). This work describes a new finding of Anancus arvernensis-a maxilla fragment that preserves M2 and M3-from the earliest Pleistocene (c.a. Plain-language and multi-lingual abstracts from the earliest Pleistocene of the Guadix Basin (Granada, Spain)Ĭopyright Society for Vertebrate Paleontology, January 2014
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